Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
of the following statements is NOT true about the factors affecting mass movement? a. | Sudden mass
movements are usually started by triggers such as earthquakes. | b. | After a heavy
rain, sediment moves along with the water. | c. | A small amount of water may make the slope more
stable. | d. | An important force that determines a materials resistance
to downhill movement is friction. | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following statements is true about wind transport? a. | Wind, like
water, can only move materials downhill. | b. | Wind and water have the same relative ability to erode
materials. | c. | Wind transport and erosion primarily occur in areas with little
vegetative cover. | d. | Generally, wind can carry particles as large as those
transported by moving water. | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following statements is NOT true about valley glaciers? a. | Flow rates are
the same within the various portions of the glacier. | b. | The speed of the
glacier is affected by the slope of the valley floor. | c. | They widen
V-shaped stream valleys in U-shaped glacial valleys. | d. | Movement is
usually less than a few millimeters a day. | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following is NOT an indication that creep has occurred? a. | Parallel grooves
form in bedrock. | c. | Trees become
bent. | b. | Vertical structures become
tilted. | d. | Underground
pipelines break. | | | | |
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5.
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Slumps are common after a rainfall because the water ____. a. | reduces friction
between soil grains | c. | causes snow to
melt | b. | breaks the
underlying rock | d. | washes away the
vegetation cover | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following causes deflation? a. | glacial erosion | c. | wind deposition | b. | deposition by
meltwaters | d. | wind
erosion | | | | |
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7.
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Glaciers covered 30 percent of the earth during the last ice age that began about
____. a. | 10 000 years
ago | c. | 2000 years
ago | b. | 1.6 million
years ago | d. | 50 million years
ago | | | | |
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8.
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Which
of the following is NOT true about glaciers? a. | Glaciers can form along the
equator. | c. | Only valley
glaciers flow. | b. | Glaciers carve U-shaped
valleys. | d. | Glaciers produce
moraines. | | | | |
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9.
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When
two cirques on opposite sides of a valley meet, they form a(n) ____. a. | arête | c. | moraine | b. | drumlin | d. | avalanche | | | | |
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10.
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A
landslide that occurs on steep slopes in mountainous area is called a(n) ____. a. | rockslide | c. | avalanche | b. | slump | d. | mudflow | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct description below. a. | slump | d. | mudflow | b. | creep | e. | landslide | c. | water | | | | |
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11.
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The
slow, steady, downhill flow of loose, weathered earth materials
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12.
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Swiftly moving mixture of mud and water that causes many deaths
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13.
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A
rapid, downslope slide of earth materials
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14.
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A
landslide in which the material rotates and slides along a curved surface
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15.
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This
acts as a lubricant between grains of soils and sediments
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Short Answer
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16.
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Explain the importance of gravity in all mass movements.
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17.
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Compare and contrast the conditions that produce a valley glacier with those that
produce continental glaciers.
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18.
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Name
and describe the four main classifications of mass movements.
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19.
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What
are eskers and how do they form?
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20.
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Explain how and where valley glaciers form. Why do they move?
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21.
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Explain how water can both limit and increase a materials potential for movement
on a slope.
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22.
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Compare and contrast erosion by wind and by glaciers.
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23.
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Identify the landforms shown in the diagrams below. Then compare and contrast
them.
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24.
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A
family has decided to build their dream house on a dune on the shore of Lake Michigan. Their plans
call for the natural vegetation to be dug up and construction begun. What are some possible
consequences of their actions? What would you do differently to minimize these
consequences?
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25.
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People impact mass movement just as mass movement impacts people. Do you
agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your answer.
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Problem
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Glaciers are similar to great rivers of ice. Glaciers certainly move slower, but they
experience changes in flow rate much like rivers do. In order to determine a glaciers flow
rate, measurements are taken by a variety of methods. Some include the measurement of the movement of
stakes placed in the ice, while other methods might include the observation of crevasses in the ice.
The table below contains measurements taken over 5 years. Two
measurements were taken each year, one in April and the other in October. Measurements 13 are
from the top of the glacier. Measurements 46 are from the bottom of the glacier. The numbers,
in millimeters, represent the movement since the last measurement. Positive numbers mean the glacier
is advancing. Negative numbers mean the glacier is retreating.
| | Top of
Glacier | Bottom of
Glacier | | | Point
1 | Point
2 | Point
3 | Point
4 | Point
5 | Point
6 | Year
1 | April | 141 | 164 | 139 | 132 | 147 | 130 | October | 8 | 22 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 13 | Year
2 | April | 163 | 173 | 162 | 139 | 156 | 138 | October | 8 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | Year
3 | April | 2 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 15 | October | 34 | 46 | 31 | 55 | 59 | 54 | Year
4 | April | 0 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | October | 14 | 19 | 13 | 32 | 49 | 31 | Year
5 | April | 80 | 106 | 78 | 68 | 92 | 68 | October | 2 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
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26.
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What
general statement can you make about the movement of the top of the glacier relative to that at the
bottom of the glacier? Explain why this might happen.
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27.
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Make
a general statement about the movement of the glacier over the 5 years of measurements. Explain your
results.
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28.
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Why
might scientists wish to measure and track the movement of a glacier?
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